Endoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that allows doctors to view the internal organs of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract using an endoscope—a thin, flexible tube equipped with a light and camera.
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Types of Endoscopy:
Upper GI Endoscopy (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy - EGD): Views the esophagus, stomach, and upper small intestine
Colonoscopy: Examines the large intestine (colon) and rectum
Sigmoidoscopy: Focuses on the lower part of the colon
Bronchoscopy: Used to inspect the lungs and airways
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Why It’s Done:
Investigate abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, difficulty swallowing
Detect ulcers, gastritis, cancers, polyps, and bleeding
Biopsy tissue samples or remove growths
Treat certain conditions (e.g., stop bleeding, widen a narrowed area)
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Procedure:
The patient is given a mild sedative or local anesthesia.
The endoscope is gently inserted through the mouth (for upper GI) or rectum (for lower GI).
The test usually lasts 15–30 minutes.
It is safe, minimally invasive, and usually done on an outpatient basis.
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Preparation:
Fasting for 6–8 hours before an upper endoscopy.
Bowel cleansing for colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy.
Follow your doctor’s specific instructions before the test.
Endoscopy is a vital tool for early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of a wide range of gastrointestinal and respiratory conditions.