Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a specialized X-ray test that examines the shape of the uterus and the patency (openness) of the fallopian tubes. It is commonly used in the evaluation of female infertility, recurrent miscarriages, or suspected abnormalities in the uterus or tubes.
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How the Test Works:
During the procedure, a contrast dye is gently introduced into the uterus through a thin catheter inserted via the cervix. As the dye moves through the uterus and fallopian tubes, X-ray images (fluoroscopy) are taken to observe the flow. If the tubes are open, the dye will spill into the abdominal cavity, confirming tubal patency.
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Conditions Detected with HSG:
Blocked fallopian tubes
Uterine abnormalities (fibroids, polyps, adhesions)
Congenital uterine defects (bicornuate or septate uterus)
Scarring from infection or surgery
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With or Without Anesthesia:
Without Anesthesia: Most HSG procedures are done without anesthesia. Patients may experience mild to moderate cramping, similar to menstrual pain.
With Anesthesia (Sedation or Local Anesthesia): Recommended for patients with low pain tolerance, anxiety, or in complex cases. It helps minimize discomfort and improve relaxation during the procedure.
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Duration & Safety:
The procedure typically takes 15–30 minutes, and patients can usually go home the same day. Mild spotting or cramps may occur for a short time afterward. It’s important to inform the doctor of any allergies, pregnancy, or pelvic infections before the test.