Image guided procedures (FNAC/Biopsy/ drainages).

Image-guided procedures are minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic techniques performed under the guidance of ultrasound, CT scan, or fluoroscopy (X-ray). These procedures allow precise access to internal structures for sampling, drainage, or treatment with reduced risk and faster recovery.

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Common Types:

1. FNAC (Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology):A thin needle is inserted into a lump or mass (like in thyroid, breast, or lymph nodes) to withdraw cells for microscopic examination.
   Use: To detect cancer, infections, or benign growths.

2. Core Needle Biopsy / True-cut Biopsy:A thicker needle is used to extract a small tissue sample (not just cells), offering more detailed analysis.
   Use: Often done for liver, lung, kidney, breast, or soft tissue masses.

3. Percutaneous Drainage:A catheter is inserted through the skin to drain abscesses, fluid collections, or cysts under imaging guidance.
   Use: Treat infections or relieve fluid pressure without surgery.

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Advantages:

• Minimally invasive

• Accurate targeting of small or deep lesions

• Quick recovery

• Usually performed under local anesthesia

• Often done as day-care (OPD) procedures

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Imaging Techniques Used:

• Ultrasound-guided: For superficial or fluid-filled structures

• CT-guided: For deep or difficult-to-access areas

• Fluoroscopy-guided: Often for spinal or bone-related procedures

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Applications:

• Diagnosis of cancers, infections, or autoimmune disorders

• Relief from fluid collections, abscesses, or cysts

• Therapeutic procedures like draining pus, injecting medication, or placing stents

Image-guided FNAC, biopsy, and drainage procedures are essential tools in modern diagnostic medicine, offering safer and quicker alternatives to open surgical methods.