A Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) is a comprehensive, non-invasive diagnostic test that evaluates how well your lungs are functioning. It measures several aspects of lung performance, including:
Lung volume: how much air your lungs can hold
Airflow rate: how quickly you can inhale and exhale
Gas exchange: how effectively oxygen moves into the blood and carbon dioxide moves out
PFTs are essential in diagnosing respiratory disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, and other conditions affecting breathing. They are also used to assess lung function before surgeries, monitor treatment progress, or evaluate the impact of exposure to harmful substances.
The test typically involves breathing into a mouthpiece connected to a machine called a spirometer while following specific breathing instructions. The procedure is painless, safe, and usually takes around 30–45 minutes.
By analyzing the results, doctors can determine the presence, severity, and type of lung disease—helping tailor effective treatment plans for better respiratory health.