Dengue NS1, IgM, IgG

The Dengue NS1, IgM, and IgG tests are crucial serological and antigen detection tests used to diagnose dengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral infection caused by the Dengue virus (DENV). These tests help in identifying the stage and severity of infection and play a key role in timely medical intervention.

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Types of Dengue Tests:

1.

NS1 Antigen Test

• Detects the Non-Structural Protein 1 (NS1) of the dengue virus.

• Appears in the blood during early infection (usually within 1–5 days of symptom onset).

• Indicates active viral infection.

• Highly specific and useful before antibodies are produced.

2.

IgM Antibody Test

• IgM antibodies are produced in response to recent dengue infection.

• Detectable around day 4–5 of illness.

• Peaks around 2 weeks and declines over 2–3 months.

• Helps identify current or recent primary infection.

3.

IgG Antibody Test

• IgG antibodies appear later than IgM (usually after 7–10 days).

• Can remain in the body for months or years, indicating past exposure.

• Higher levels early in illness may indicate a secondary dengue infection, which can be more severe.

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Why It’s Done:

• Diagnose acute dengue fever

• Determine stage of infection (early, ongoing, or past)

• Differentiate between primary and secondary infections

• Monitor outbreaks and guide public health measures

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Sample Required:

• A blood sample drawn from a vein.

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Preparation:

• No fasting or special preparation needed.

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Results Timeline:

• Results are usually available within 6–24 hours.

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Benefits:

• Early and accurate diagnosis of dengue

• Helps prevent complications like dengue hemorrhagic fever

• Supports timely treatment and hospitalization if required

• Useful in tracking epidemics

The Dengue NS1, IgM, and IgG tests are essential tools in clinical diagnosis and public health surveillance of dengue, helping doctors tailor appropriate care based on the infection stage and patient history.