Hemoglobin (Hb)

The Hemoglobin (Hb) test is a simple yet essential blood test used to determine the concentration of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein found in red blood cells. Hemoglobin plays a critical role in transporting oxygen from the lungs to tissues and organs and bringing carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation.

This test is commonly part of a Complete Blood Count (CBC) but can also be done independently for specific assessments related to anemia, blood loss, or chronic diseases.

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Why the Test Is Done:

• To screen for anemia (low Hb)

• To detect polycythemia (high Hb)

• To monitor blood disorders like thalassemia or sickle cell disease

• To evaluate symptoms like fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, or paleness

• To assess blood loss from surgery or injury

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Normal Hemoglobin Levels:

(may vary slightly by lab and age group)

• Men: 13.8 to 17.2 g/dL

• Women: 12.1 to 15.1 g/dL

• Children: 11 to 16 g/dL

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Low Hemoglobin (Anemia) Causes:

• Nutritional deficiencies (iron, B12, folic acid)

• Chronic diseases (kidney disease, cancer)

• Blood loss (menstruation, ulcers, internal bleeding)

• Bone marrow disorders

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High Hemoglobin Causes:

• Dehydration

• Lung diseases (e.g., COPD)

• Living at high altitudes

• Polycythemia vera (a rare blood disorder)

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Test Procedure:

• A small blood sample is drawn from a vein (usually in the arm).

• No fasting is generally required.

• Results are typically available within a few hours.

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Advantages:

• Quick and low-cost

• Vital for diagnosing anemia and oxygen-related issues

• Important part of routine health checkups

The Hemoglobin test is a vital indicator of your body’s ability to transport oxygen, helping detect a wide range of health issues—especially those related to fatigue, low energy, and circulatory function.