HbA1c (Glycated Hemoglobin)

The HbA1c test, also known as Glycated Hemoglobin or A1c test, is a blood test that reflects the average blood glucose (sugar) levels over the previous 8–12 weeks. It works by measuring the percentage of hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells) that is coated with sugar (glycated).

This test is an essential tool for the diagnosis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and for monitoring how well diabetic patients are managing their condition over time.

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How It Works:

• Red blood cells live for about 120 days.

• Glucose attaches to hemoglobin in red blood cells.

• The HbA1c test measures the percentage of glycated hemoglobin, providing an average blood sugar level over that period.

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Normal HbA1c Levels:

• Below 5.7%: Normal

• 5.7% to 6.4%: Prediabetes

• 6.5% or higher: Diabetes

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Why It’s Done:

• Diagnose prediabetes or diabetes

• Monitor long-term blood sugar control in diabetic patients

• Evaluate treatment effectiveness

• Reduce risk of diabetes-related complications (nerve damage, kidney disease, heart disease)

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Advantages:

• No fasting required

• Gives a long-term picture of blood glucose control

• A single test can reflect overall glucose trends

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Test Procedure:

• A blood sample is taken from a vein or fingertip.

• Results are usually available within a few hours to a day.

• Often done every 3 to 6 months for people with diabetes.

The HbA1c test is a reliable, non-fasting, and highly informative method to track how well blood sugar has been managed over time—making it a cornerstone test in diabetes care and management.