Prolactin Test
The Prolactin test measures the level of prolactin hormone in your blood. This hormone is produced by the pituitary gland and plays a key role in breast milk production. The test helps diagnose pituitary disorders, infertility, menstrual problems, and unusual nipple discharge in both women and men.
The Prolactin test is a blood test used to measure levels of prolactin, a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland located at the base of the brain. Prolactin is primarily involved in stimulating breast development and milk production after childbirth in women. However, prolactin is present in both men and women and has other regulatory roles in the reproductive and endocrine systems.
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Why the Prolactin Test is Done:
In Women:
To evaluate menstrual irregularities or absence of periods (amenorrhea)
To investigate infertility
To diagnose galactorrhea (unexpected breast milk production)
To detect pituitary tumors (prolactinomas)
In Men:
To assess causes of erectile dysfunction or low libido
To investigate infertility
To check for gynecomastia (enlarged breasts)
In Both Genders:
To monitor or diagnose pituitary gland disorders
To assess symptoms like headaches or vision problems caused by pituitary tumors
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Sample Required:
A blood sample from a vein, usually taken in the morning when prolactin levels are naturally higher.
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Preparation:
Fasting may be recommended.
Avoid breast stimulation, exercise, and stress before the test, as these can temporarily increase prolactin levels.
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High Prolactin Levels May Indicate:
Prolactinoma (pituitary tumor)
Hypothyroidism
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Kidney or liver disease
Side effects of certain medications (e.g., antipsychotics, antidepressants)
Stress or nipple stimulation
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Low Prolactin Levels May Indicate:
Pituitary gland dysfunction or damage
Certain medications
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Benefits of the Prolactin Test:
Helps diagnose the cause of reproductive and hormonal issues
Useful in detecting pituitary tumors early
Guides treatment in infertility and menstrual disorders
Tracks response to medications or surgery in pituitary conditions
The Prolactin test is a valuable diagnostic tool to assess the function of the pituitary gland and detect hormonal imbalances that affect fertility, sexual health, and reproductive function in both women and men.