Testosterone Test

The Testosterone test is a blood test that measures the level of testosterone, a vital hormone produced mainly by the testes in men and the ovaries in women, with small amounts also produced by the adrenal glands. Testosterone plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of male physical characteristics, sexual function, muscle and bone mass, and mood regulation. It is also important for women’s hormonal balance and overall health, though in smaller amounts.

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Why the Testosterone Test is Done:

In Men:

• Evaluate erectile dysfunction

• Assess low sex drive

• Diagnose infertility

• Investigate delayed or early puberty

• Detect testicular or pituitary disorders

• Monitor testosterone replacement therapy

In Women:

• Investigate excessive hair growth (hirsutism)

• Diagnose polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

• Examine irregular menstrual cycles

• Check for virilization (development of male traits)

In Children:

• Assess abnormal puberty development

• Diagnose delayed or precocious puberty

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Types of Testosterone Measured:

• Total Testosterone: Includes both free and bound testosterone.

• Free Testosterone: The biologically active portion not bound to proteins.

• Bioavailable Testosterone: Free plus loosely bound testosterone.

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Sample Required:

• A blood sample, preferably taken in the morning when testosterone levels are highest.

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Preparation:

• Typically no fasting required.

• Should be done in the morning (7–10 a.m.) for accurate results in men.

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Normal Ranges

(can vary by lab):

Group                      Total Testosterone Level

Men (adult)                 300 – 1000 ng/dL

Women (adult)              15 – 70 ng/dL

Children                            Varies by age and puberty stage

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High Testosterone Levels May Indicate:

• Tumors of the testes or adrenal glands

• Anabolic steroid use

• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)

• PCOS in women

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Low Testosterone Levels May Indicate:

• Hypogonadism (underactive testes)

• Pituitary gland disorders

• Chronic illness or obesity

• Aging (age-related decline)

• Stress or alcohol abuse

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Benefits of the Testosterone Test:

• Diagnoses male and female hormone disorders

• Helps guide treatment for infertility and sexual dysfunction

• Supports diagnosis of PCOS and endocrine disorders

• Monitors effects of hormone replacement therapy

The Testosterone test is an essential tool for evaluating reproductive health, sexual function, and hormonal balance. It provides valuable insights into conditions related to both androgen excess and deficiency across all genders and age groups.