Viral markers (HBsAg, HIV, HCV)

Viral marker testing involves blood tests used to screen for major viral infections that can affect the liver or immune system. The most commonly tested markers are:

1.

HBsAg (Hepatitis B Surface Antigen):

Detects Hepatitis B infection. A positive result means that the person is currently infected with the Hepatitis B virus and may be contagious. It is the earliest indicator of active infection.

2.

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus):

Detects the presence of antibodies or antigens associated with HIV infection. A positive test indicates the person has been infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, and requires further confirmatory tests and medical management.

3.

HCV (Hepatitis C Virus Antibody):

Screens for Hepatitis C infection by detecting antibodies. A positive result shows that the person has been exposed to the Hepatitis C virus. Further RNA testing may be needed to confirm active infection.

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Why These Tests Are Important:

• Blood transfusion screening

• Pre-surgical evaluation

• Routine health checkups

• Pregnancy screening

• High-risk exposure (unprotected sex, IV drug use)

• Liver function abnormalities

• Organ donation or dialysis patients

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Sample Type:

• Blood sample from a vein

• Fasting is not required

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Symptoms That May Prompt Testing:

• Fatigue

• Jaundice

• Fever

• Weight loss

• Dark urine

• Enlarged liver or spleen

• Unexplained immune weakness

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Benefits of Viral Marker Testing:

• Early diagnosis and treatment

• Prevents transmission to others

• Helps ensure safe medical procedures (e.g., surgery, transfusion)

• Protects maternal and fetal health during pregnancy

• Supports public health and infection control

The HBsAg, HIV, and HCV tests are essential viral markers for early detection, disease management, and preventing the spread of life-threatening infections.